TIME: SPENDING TIME
AT WORK
Florence works as a nurse. When she starts work she has to clock on [1] and when she leaves she clocks off [2]. If the machine shows that she has worked an extra long shift, then she is able to take time off [3] at a later date. She was planning to take a holiday in July this year but has had to bring it forward [4] as July is going to be a particularly busy time for her hospital this year. Florence loves her work but her hospital is understaffed and she hates to always be pressed for [5] time. She finds it almost impossible to fit in [6] time to talk to the patients although she feels that is an important part of her job. She can chat for a few minutes but then she has to press on [7] with her other duties. The hospital employs many nurses from overseas; but when their work permits run out [8] after two years they have to leave.
1 record the time she arrives at work, usually at a machine with a clock (also clock in);
2 record the time she leaves work (also clock out)
3 spend time away from work
4 change the date or time of something so that it happens earlier than expected
5 not have enough of something, usually time or money
6 find time to do somethng or see someone
7 continue doing something in a determined way
8 come to an end (of the period of time of a document or agreement); more formal equivalent is expire
AT LEISURE
When Florence does have spare time, she likes to relax. She usually hangs out [1] with friends she was at school with. They have knocked around together [2] for years and love whiling away [3] their days off, going round the shops or just chatting at one of their homes. Sometimes they go away for a weekend and muck about [4] at Florence’s aunt’s cottage in the countryside. Last time they did that, a colleague of Florece’s latched on to [5] them. The others didn’t really like her at first, especially as they always had to hang on [6] while she got ready, but now they all like her very much.
2 record the time she leaves work (also clock out)
3 spend time away from work
4 change the date or time of something so that it happens earlier than expected
5 not have enough of something, usually time or money
6 find time to do somethng or see someone
7 continue doing something in a determined way
8 come to an end (of the period of time of a document or agreement); more formal equivalent is expire
AT LEISURE
When Florence does have spare time, she likes to relax. She usually hangs out [1] with friends she was at school with. They have knocked around together [2] for years and love whiling away [3] their days off, going round the shops or just chatting at one of their homes. Sometimes they go away for a weekend and muck about [4] at Florence’s aunt’s cottage in the countryside. Last time they did that, a colleague of Florece’s latched on to [5] them. The others didn’t really like her at first, especially as they always had to hang on [6] while she got ready, but now they all like her very much.
1 spend a lot of time (informal)
2 spent a lot of time with one another because they are good friends (informal)
3 spending time in a relaxed way either because they are waiting for something or have nothing special to do
4 waste time doing silly things (informal)
5 spent time with them, especially when they did not want her with them
6 wait, usually for a short time (informal)
TIME: PASSING OF TIME
THE PAST
Journey into the past at the Charnbury Folk Museum
If you’re young, come on a journey into the past before you were born. If you’re a senior, let us take you back [1] to your childhood. Think back [2] to what everyday life was like 50, 60, 100 years ago, before TV, before computers, before fridges and washing machines. Many of our exhibits date back [3] to the early 19th century.
Is that old vacuum cleaner in your attic just a leftover [4] from a bygone [5] era or is it a piece of industrial history? Come and find out.
Open: Monday – Friday, 10 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Admission: Adults - €2.00; Concessions - €1.20
Address: Palmer Square, Charnbury
Tel: 0211 4684536
Is that old vacuum cleaner in your attic just a leftover [4] from a bygone [5] era or is it a piece of industrial history? Come and find out.
Open: Monday – Friday, 10 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Admission: Adults - €2.00; Concessions - €1.20
Address: Palmer Square, Charnbury
Tel: 0211 4684536
1 make you remember a period or an event in the past
2 think about things that happened in the past
3 have existed since a particular time
4 (noun) something which exists from an earlier time
5 (adjective) from a time which does not exist any more
Leftover (noun) and bygone (adjective) are formed from the verbs be left over and go by.
We used some balloons that were left over from the Christmas party to decorate the house
for her birthday. [still existedlwere unused from an earlier time]
As time goes by you realise that your parents' advice was in your best interest. [passes]
Note that bygone also exists as a noun, but it is usually always in the plural bygones.
We used some balloons that were left over from the Christmas party to decorate the house
for her birthday. [still existedlwere unused from an earlier time]
As time goes by you realise that your parents' advice was in your best interest. [passes]
Note that bygone also exists as a noun, but it is usually always in the plural bygones.
TIME MOVING
I'm sorry to hold you up but you must sign these forms before you go in. [delay you]
If there are no hold-ups, we should arrive by about seven o'clock. [noun: delays]
Jim, can you hurry the kids up. The coach is about to leave. [make them act more quickly]
Mum walks so fast. It's quite hard to keep up with her. [go at the same speed as someone]
The meeting dragged on and everyone got irritable. [continued for too long]
I'm sorry I'm late. My French lesson ran on, so I didn't leave school till 4.30 p.m. [continued
for longer than expected]
Three weeks passed by before I got a reply to my letter of complaint. [went past]
It's difficult to plan for the future. Nobody knows what lies ahead.
I'm sorry to hold you up but you must sign these forms before you go in. [delay you]
If there are no hold-ups, we should arrive by about seven o'clock. [noun: delays]
Jim, can you hurry the kids up. The coach is about to leave. [make them act more quickly]
Mum walks so fast. It's quite hard to keep up with her. [go at the same speed as someone]
The meeting dragged on and everyone got irritable. [continued for too long]
I'm sorry I'm late. My French lesson ran on, so I didn't leave school till 4.30 p.m. [continued
for longer than expected]
Three weeks passed by before I got a reply to my letter of complaint. [went past]
It's difficult to plan for the future. Nobody knows what lies ahead.
LOCATION
DESCRIBING WHERE PLACES ARE
We stayed in a lovely hotel which was tucked away in a little valley. – was in a quiet or hidden place that not many people see or go to (from be tucked away)
Our room opened onto a balcony with lovely views of the countryside. - opened in the direction of the countryside or had a view of it (from open onto sth)
Fields and woods stretched away to the horizon. - Continued over a long distance (from stretch away)]
We could see a few farmhouses which were spread out over the landscape. - were in different parts of a large area and not close together (from be spread out)
We felt we were completely cut off from the busy modern world! - very far away from other places and people (from be cut off)
PEOPLE IN LOCATIONS
Read this conversation between two students.
Deb: Come in, John.
John: What a great room!
Deb: Well, I like it. It was a bit dull when I moved in, but I bought these nice curtains which help to brighten it up [1]. In fact, I like it so much here that I'd rather stay in [2] than go out most evenings.
John: You're lucky! The room I rent is so miserable that I stay out [3] as long as I can! I even stayed on [4] in the library tonight until it closed! Anyhow, I've come to bring you your file – you left it behind [5] at the seminar this morning.
Deb: Oh, thanks. How silly of me. I'm glad you noticed it.
John: Well, I stayed behind [6] to ask the Prof some questions and then saw it lying there.
Deb: Thank you very much. Would you like a coffee now you're here?
John: Well, I can't stay now. But I'd love to call back [7] another time if that’s OK?
Deb: Sure, that’d be nice.
We stayed in a lovely hotel which was tucked away in a little valley. – was in a quiet or hidden place that not many people see or go to (from be tucked away)
Our room opened onto a balcony with lovely views of the countryside. - opened in the direction of the countryside or had a view of it (from open onto sth)
Fields and woods stretched away to the horizon. - Continued over a long distance (from stretch away)]
We could see a few farmhouses which were spread out over the landscape. - were in different parts of a large area and not close together (from be spread out)
We felt we were completely cut off from the busy modern world! - very far away from other places and people (from be cut off)
PEOPLE IN LOCATIONS
Read this conversation between two students.
Deb: Come in, John.
John: What a great room!
Deb: Well, I like it. It was a bit dull when I moved in, but I bought these nice curtains which help to brighten it up [1]. In fact, I like it so much here that I'd rather stay in [2] than go out most evenings.
John: You're lucky! The room I rent is so miserable that I stay out [3] as long as I can! I even stayed on [4] in the library tonight until it closed! Anyhow, I've come to bring you your file – you left it behind [5] at the seminar this morning.
Deb: Oh, thanks. How silly of me. I'm glad you noticed it.
John: Well, I stayed behind [6] to ask the Prof some questions and then saw it lying there.
Deb: Thank you very much. Would you like a coffee now you're here?
John: Well, I can't stay now. But I'd love to call back [7] another time if that’s OK?
Deb: Sure, that’d be nice.
1 make more attractive, often by adding colours
2 remain at home, especially in the evenings
3 come home late or not come home at night
4 stayed in a place longer than planned
5 left a place without taking something with you
6 did not leave a place when others left it
7 go back to a place to visit someone
2 remain at home, especially in the evenings
3 come home late or not come home at night
4 stayed in a place longer than planned
5 left a place without taking something with you
6 did not leave a place when others left it
7 go back to a place to visit someone
TASK: WRITE A MYTH (YOU MAY MAKE IT UP OR RETELL ONE OF THOSE YOU KNOW). MAKE SURE YOU DON'T MIX A MYTH UP WITH A LEGEND. REMEMBER TO WRITE NO MORE/LESS THAN 250 WORDS.
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Ladies and gentelemen, welcome to the amazing "Time machine entertainment!" Think back: what bygone period of human's history would you like to visit? Choose a century or an event on your remote controls and let our machine take you wherever you want to go. I see many of you have chosen Ancient Greece. Those events date back to 5th century B.C.
An island completely cut off from the continent...A little cave tucked away in a valley. The entrance of the cave opened onto a green meadow. Hills spread out over the island. Boundless ocean stretched away to the horizon. And there, in the cave, a boy was born. A boy, who was meant to have a great future. His birth brightened up the whole world. The nature celebrated along with Gods and Goddesses.
As time passed by, the boy grew older and it was necessary to plan something for the future. He decided to leave the island. He felt like his childhood dragged for too long. His mother encouraged him to explore new lands, hurrying him up. Thus, as there were no hold-ups, he left.
At the same time there lived a young girl, a nymph. She was very beautiful and very independent. She liked to hang out in the forests with other nymphs, to knock around together. Her father complained that she mucked about too much, but his daughter loved whiling away in the fresh air.
These two young people were destined to meet. The mighty Gods brought Love forward. Unfortunately, the feelings were not mutual. The young man pressed on with his courting, while the nymph found it almost impossible to fit in time to talk to an undesired admirer. She was pressed for time to enjoy her freedom. She didn't appreciate him, nevertheless he still latched on to their company.
One day when he asked her to talk, she told him to hang on. And his patience ran out. He tried to keep up with her, but couldn't: she ran faster and faster. She left her friends behind speeding away. Soon she felt that he was close enough to grab her. She prayed the Gods to change her appearance, to hide her somehow. Her prayers were heard: the nymph was turned into a laurel. The young man stood sad and aggrieved. He then made a wreath as a memory of her.
The birth of Apollo
The god of the daylight, golden-haired Apollo, one of the oldest Greek gods, was the son of Zeus and brother of Artemis. He was born on the Delos Island. His mother’s name was Latonia, and as she was persecuted by Hera at that time, she could find a shelter nowhere. Chased by the dragon, which was sent by Hera, she knocked about the world and at last took cover on the Delos Island, which was tucked away at that time, rambling around the World Ocean.
As soon as Latonia stepped on this island, large columns rose from the ocean and gathered round it. From that time this island stopped and remained at the same place until nowadays. The immense ocean stretched away to the horizon. And on the island there were only gloomy, wild mountains were spread out over this place, without any flora on them. Only sea-gulls found a shelter on this desert island.
But when Apollo appeared, everything begun to shine and blossom on the island. The coastal mountains, the valley, and the ocean- everything was brighten up and full of light and blossom. All the gods glorified the new-born god and gave him ambrosia and nectar. Nature triumphed with the gods.
This myth dates back to the times of ancient Greek civilization. And today Apollo is known as the protector of art, poetry and music in Greek mythology.
Athens. It is dated back to c.500-323 BC.
People were pressed for wood. And it was a real disaster for them. They used twigs as a torch. They were not able to stoke their furnaces without wood. It was very cold and dark in the houses. Some people pressed on with their work before dark, others whiled away and mucked about the clock round.
One day a small boy came to them and announced that it was a trick of Athena. Athenians thought back to 20 years ago when she had played a trick on them for the first time. Volunteers who knew that they had run out of wood wanted to solve this problem. And they began to plan for the future. And only that small boy was up to good intentions of Athena. She had gone for a trip to the very distant future and she knew that everybody used candles there instead of bygone fire torches. Moreover, so called “new” people considered all the furnaces to be left-overs. She didn’t want the time to drag on and she wanted Athenians to invent candles as soon as possible. That’s why Athena tucked away all the trees. She desired to bring this discovery forward.
However, people couldn’t understand her and they just knocked around together. Athena became upset, and she decided to take time of the invention off. The boy latched on to Athenians and suggested them to find bees. At first they mocked at him but when they understood his idea they thanked him kindly. Women began to roll up beeswax and children hurried them up.
Thus people began using candles.
Dear visitors of Knossos Palace, let me now take you back to the bygone times of Olympic gods. When Prometheus stole the fire from Olympus and gave it to the people, he taught them arts, crafts and they got everything they were pressed for, and life on earth became happier. Zeus was in anger, he punished him cruelly and sent disasters to people. He commanded the god-blacksmith Hephaestus to create a wonderful girl in clay, who would have a human power, tender voice and look of immortal goddess. Zeus’ daughter Athena Pallada would have to make a beautiful dress for her, the goddess Aphrodite would have to give her a fascinating beauty and Hermes – clear mind and resourcefulness. Zeus was to hang on a little but soon gods carried out their orders. Hephaestus had made a very beautiful girl, gods animated her and called her Pandora, which means “gifted by everyone”. And Zeus gave her a gift, for the sake of which she had been created. It was a box, contained all misfortunes and troubles which Zeus decided to send to people. Carrying this box Pandora left Olympus and Hermes brought her to the brother of Prometheus, in a small house which was tucked away. Prometheus’ brother fell in love with her, having forgotten about all warnings of his brother not to take gifts from Zeus. Curious Pandora was interested in what was in the box and one day she secretly opened it and all the troubles were spread out over the whole earth. Only the Hope rested on the bottom of the box.
This story dates back to the bygone era.
In a great sacred village there lived the supreme god. His name was Hariman. He was very powerful. He ruled heaven and earth.
He had a brother Saniman who ruled the rivers, seas and oceans.
He had a wife Haria. She was the goddess of beauty. She herself was dazzlingly beautiful and very capricious. Hariman loved her very much and always tried to please her.
Hariman and Haria had two sons. Amelicus and Palicus. Amelicus was the god of courage. He was very tall and brawny. Palicus was the god of cunning. He was the direct opposite to his brother. He was short and skinny. Amelicus and Palicus were very close friends. Though they had a lot of work they always tried to take time off and to fit in time to hang out and knock around together.
One day Hariman told his sons to go to the neighbouring village and bring the flowers of rare beauty which grew only there. He wanted to give them to Haria. So Amelicus and Palicus started out. They went through the fields which were stretched away to the horizon. It was hard for Palicus to keep up with Amelicus, because he walked very fast. So he practically ran. Soon they came to a wonderful valley which was cut off from the world by high hills. And the flowers were tucked away there. Two brothers gathered them and pressed on with the returning home.
Hariman was already hanging on. He was very glad when he saw that his sons complied with his request and he gave them 2 days off to while away and muck about.
You have a feeling that everything doesn’t go the way it should be? Tired of thinking why?
Do you have obscure remembrances of events you don’t actually remember?
You have an intention to get back to the moment when you were happy? Or to use all the opportunities lost?
You think that time passes by too fast and look for someone to stop it just for second? Or it’s not enough for you to retrospect and you want more?
Did something wrong in your past lifetime? Do you want to change your deeds and turn back to past where...
...maybe you were that quiet man with moustache who came to power in Germany in XX century and whose actions changed history forever? Feels uncomfortable, isn’t it? No comments.
...maybe you robbed the National Bank of America in 1837 or killed a horse trader a few years after? Such a stain on your karma, isn’t it? Let’s speak about it later, o.k.?
You want to go farther? Because maybe you lived in times when God was punishing the Israelites by giving them "into the hand of the Philistines"? And you could know Samson whose powers were contained in his hair... and maybe you were Delilah who deceived him? And maybe it was your fault that such an illustrious hero died? So shame on you!
You don’t want to think about bad things? That’s your choice!
So recall the bygone era... Everything around is peaceful. The sun is rising and kissing blue sky by its tender rays. Ocean stretched away to the horizon...and there you are born in the sea so calm. You’re lying in a shell and waves are rocking your cradle softly whispering a name in your ear: Aphrodite, Aphrodite... Keep on dreaming!
How many lives have you lived through? What are your plans for the future?
So many questions and the only one answer...The program "Karma Manager" is the key!
Hurry up! Let’s rewrite history together!
We will disprove any theory! And the butterfly effect is not a barrier for us...Everything depends on you! 100 000 $ only!
The messengers of Heaven.
I really hate history classes. All these talks about bygone eras and their dusty leftovers make me feel sick. Infallibly time goes by so-o-o slo-o-owly that I manage to fall asleep and wake up at least 10 times! During the lectures I usually think about more pleasant things, like hanging out with my girlfriend or something like that.
Nevertheless, there’s one particular story that is stuck deep in my mind. It’s a myth actually, “The messengers of Heaven”. Yeah, I know, sounds so damnably lofty, but I liked the stuff.
The story takes us back to Japan when it was cut off from the world and stewed in it’s own juice. There were Gods who watched over this Floating Bridge (that’s Japan as you may guess) and one day they decided to banish all the evil spirits from their lands.
They send the first Messenger. But he got on surprisingly well with the bad guys. They began to knock around together. The Messenger took a great time off – 7 years. After that he just disappeared.
Then there was the second Messenger. He was given some weapon – a golden bow with an arrow that always hit the target. But the guy fell upon the stumbling stone of all men – he fell in love with a beautiful princess and married her. The mission was forgotten in whiling away and mucking about, 7 years that were given to him ran on and on. His Heavenly bosses were worried: “The second Messenger didn’t fit in time! We need to check on him, to hurry him up!”.
And so they did. They sent a bright pheasant to the Messenger, but he killed the bird with the golden arrow. The Gods were outraged, and the arrow golden pierced the heart of the unfortunate Messenger.
In the end the Gods had to battle with the Evil themselves. They won and chose the most worthy from among them to be the King over the FB. The Legendary Era of Japanese history began.
This story dates back to the bygone era when gods walked the earth and were very close to mortal people. And among all the Scandinavian gods there was one who desired to be sage.
Odin wished most of all to possess great knowledge and wisdom. This wish hurried him up to find the source of it. That is why he went to the underground world, to the place called Jotunheim, where the Well of Wisdom was tucked away, cut off from the upper world. There Odin discovered that the well is guarded by the deity Mimir. Odin asked if he could drink from the well. Mimir agreed but only if Odin sacrificed his eye. Odin accepted the terms and left his eye behind to Mimir. Since then he is a one-eyed god.
Time ran on. Soon Odin wanted to get more knowledge and he called back to Jotunheim. But he had to pay a much higher price for it: he had to sacrifice his life. Nine days and nine nights had passed by as he had hung on a branch of Yggdrasil, the Tree of the Universe, with a spear sticking out of his side, before he died. This was the only way he could master the mystery of death.
Then Odin with the help of his supernatural power brought himself back to life. He used the acquired knowledge to help both gods and mortals. Odin also brought the runic alphabet from the Land of Shadows and gifted it to the Vikings that were dwelling in Midgard.
I’m going to take you back to the time when the powerful Greek God Zeus was a small child, when he didn’t have his famous power, on the contrary, he had to hide himself from his cruel father Kronos.
Kronos was very suspicious and he was afraid that one day his children will rebel against him. The matter is the father of Kronos was dethroned in this very way, so he had a reason to be careful. However, he perverted his fear so much that he ordered his wife Rhea to bring him the children to get rid of them… Well, he didn’t quite kill them but he swallowed them cruelly. So, I can say that he hung out his time by eating his own children. Rhea had to keep up with severe temper of her husband. Actually, he swallowed 5 children: Estia, Dimitra, Hera, Hades and Poseidon. But Rhea didn’t want to lose her youngest son, so, by her parents’ advice she left for Crete and gave birth to Zeus. There she tucked him away in the cave. Having returned, she gave her husband a big stone to swallow instead of Zeus. The young god had to stay on that island for a long time, being raised up by the nymph Adrasteia, her sister Io, and the goat-nymph Amalthia. The Kuretes clashed their spears against their shields to conceal the noise of the wailing baby.
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