KEY VERBS
V. Make
A. Make + the particles for, out and up
Make up something = form the whole of something
Make for somewhere = go in the direction of
Make out something/someone = be able to see or hear something or someone with difficulty
Make up something (or make something up) = invent something, e.g. a story or a game
Make out someone (or make someone out) = understand why someone behaves as they do
Make up something (or make something up) = say or write something that is not true in order to deceive
Make out something (or make something out) = understand something, especially why something has happened
Examples:
Can you make out the words of this song?
When we got to the park, the children made for the swings while I sat on a bench.
Sally didn't want to go to the concert, so she made up an excuse about being ill.
The children loved Uncle Bob because he was so good at making up new games.
Over 30% of the university population is made up of overseas students.
Notice how make out with the following three meanings is usually used with can or could in a negative sentence and is not usually used in the passive.
I couldn't make out a word he was saying.
Jack is behaving very strangely at the moment. I just can't make him out.
I can't make out why my computer won't let me save this document.
You probably already know that the noun make-up can mean cosmetics, e.g.
My sister never goes out without any make-up on, but I only wear it for special occasions.
However, make-up, from the verb make up, can also mean the combination of things which form something, e.g.
The class has an interesting make-up, with students from three continents and twelve different countries.
B. Make + two particles
make up for sth - provide something good in order to make a bad situation better - The wonderful food in the restaurant made up for the rather uncomfortable seats.
make it up to sb - do something good for someone who you have done something bad to in the past, or to someone who has done something good for you - I forgot Teresa's birthday yesterday so I'll have to take her somewhere nice to make it up to her.
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VI. PutA. Put verbs related to physical actions
With all these phrasal verbs the particle can come either before or after the object, e.g. to put on a CD or to put a CD on.
We spent yesterday putting in a new washing machine. [fixing new equipment or a new system in the correct place].
Could you put the air conditioning on, please? It's so hot in here. [make a device work by pressing a switch].
I don't think you've heard this CD. I'll put it on. [put something that sounds or pictures are recorded onto/into a machine so that you can hear or see the recording].
Would you mind putting that light out? It's shining directly onto my computer screen. [making a light stop shining by pressing a switch]
I see they're putting up a new block of flats near the park. [building a structure]
It poured with rain while we tried to put our tent up. [open something that is folded or rolled up so that it is ready to use]
B. Put verbs and time
Dave: Jim, I'm sorry to have to put you off again, but I'm just too busy to see you today [tell someone you can't see them or do something for them till a later time].
Could we put our meeting back till next week? [change the date or time of an event so that it happens later than planned]
Jim: Sure. We can put it off until next Monday. [decide or arrange to do something at a later time]
Pilot: Ladies and gentlemen, we're now coming in to laud at Mexico City. You may want to put your watches forward; the local time is 8.35 a.m. [make a watch or clock show an earlier time]
In Britain, around the last weekend in October, all clocks are put back one hour.
C. Put verbs and relations with other people
If you are put out, then you are annoyed, often because of something that someone has done or said to you.
If you put up with sb/nth, then you accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant situation, even though you do not like it.
If you put sb on to/onto sth/sb, then you tell them about something or someone that could help them, often something or someone they did not know about before.
If you are put out, then you are annoyed, often because of something that someone has done or said to you.
If you put up with sb/nth, then you accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant situation, even though you do not like it.
If you put sb on to/onto sth/sb, then you tell them about something or someone that could help them, often something or someone they did not know about before.
TASK: WRITE A NEWS STORY ON ANY EVENT OR PHENOMENON – REAL OR IMAGINARY (250 WORDS). REMEMBER not to substitute the structure of your news story by the structure of a composition.
