KEY VERBS
V. Make
A. Make + the particles for, out and up
Make up something = form the whole of something
Make for somewhere = go in the direction of
Make out something/someone = be able to see or hear something or someone with difficulty
Make up something (or make something up) = invent something, e.g. a story or a game
Make out someone (or make someone out) = understand why someone behaves as they do
Make up something (or make something up) = say or write something that is not true in order to deceive
Make out something (or make something out) = understand something, especially why something has happened
Examples:
Can you make out the words of this song?
When we got to the park, the children made for the swings while I sat on a bench.
Sally didn't want to go to the concert, so she made up an excuse about being ill.
The children loved Uncle Bob because he was so good at making up new games.
Over 30% of the university population is made up of overseas students.
Notice how make out with the following three meanings is usually used with can or could in a negative sentence and is not usually used in the passive.
I couldn't make out a word he was saying.
Jack is behaving very strangely at the moment. I just can't make him out.
I can't make out why my computer won't let me save this document.
You probably already know that the noun make-up can mean cosmetics, e.g.
My sister never goes out without any make-up on, but I only wear it for special occasions.
However, make-up, from the verb make up, can also mean the combination of things which form something, e.g.
The class has an interesting make-up, with students from three continents and twelve different countries.
B. Make + two particles
make up for sth - provide something good in order to make a bad situation better - The wonderful food in the restaurant made up for the rather uncomfortable seats.
make it up to sb - do something good for someone who you have done something bad to in the past, or to someone who has done something good for you - I forgot Teresa's birthday yesterday so I'll have to take her somewhere nice to make it up to her.
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VI. PutA. Put verbs related to physical actions
With all these phrasal verbs the particle can come either before or after the object, e.g. to put on a CD or to put a CD on.
We spent yesterday putting in a new washing machine. [fixing new equipment or a new system in the correct place].
Could you put the air conditioning on, please? It's so hot in here. [make a device work by pressing a switch].
I don't think you've heard this CD. I'll put it on. [put something that sounds or pictures are recorded onto/into a machine so that you can hear or see the recording].
Would you mind putting that light out? It's shining directly onto my computer screen. [making a light stop shining by pressing a switch]
I see they're putting up a new block of flats near the park. [building a structure]
It poured with rain while we tried to put our tent up. [open something that is folded or rolled up so that it is ready to use]
B. Put verbs and time
Dave: Jim, I'm sorry to have to put you off again, but I'm just too busy to see you today [tell someone you can't see them or do something for them till a later time].
Could we put our meeting back till next week? [change the date or time of an event so that it happens later than planned]
Jim: Sure. We can put it off until next Monday. [decide or arrange to do something at a later time]
Pilot: Ladies and gentlemen, we're now coming in to laud at Mexico City. You may want to put your watches forward; the local time is 8.35 a.m. [make a watch or clock show an earlier time]
In Britain, around the last weekend in October, all clocks are put back one hour.
C. Put verbs and relations with other people
If you are put out, then you are annoyed, often because of something that someone has done or said to you.
If you put up with sb/nth, then you accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant situation, even though you do not like it.
If you put sb on to/onto sth/sb, then you tell them about something or someone that could help them, often something or someone they did not know about before.
If you are put out, then you are annoyed, often because of something that someone has done or said to you.
If you put up with sb/nth, then you accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant situation, even though you do not like it.
If you put sb on to/onto sth/sb, then you tell them about something or someone that could help them, often something or someone they did not know about before.
TASK: WRITE A NEWS STORY ON ANY EVENT OR PHENOMENON – REAL OR IMAGINARY (250 WORDS). REMEMBER not to substitute the structure of your news story by the structure of a composition.
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"Helping those in need..."
A foreigner travelling or living in Phnom Penh, Cambodia is usually introduced to the prosperous capital, high-class society, world-heritage sites, but he or she hardly ever gets an opportunity to see "the underground", to make up the full picture. The world of drug users and dealers can be compared to an FBI or CIA system in the aspect of secrecy and privacy. Only a few were granted an access to the "backstage", and among them- Holly Bradford, who put up a new NGO in 2004. Instead of reading made up stories about the harm drug users cause to society, she decided to show the other side of the problem: people who have a right for respect, attention and care. She felt like she needed to make out the real reasons of why people become drug-addicted and why can't they fight it.
The people who joined her were either drug users in the past or current drug addicts, most of them- young men in their early 20s. The NGO is made up of deported from America for felony offences Cambodian-American people, who have little if any knowledge of language and culture of their motherland. Perhaps, now they are trying to make up for the crimes they commited in the US or to make it up to the people who stood against the severe regime in the past and couldn't afford a living now.
The members of the NGO (currently 60 of them) put up with the drug dealers, accepting the policy of inviolability and put the drug users onto the fact that there is a place where they can come in search of medical care and attention.
The NGO rents a villa where drug users come whenever they want, but the neighbours are often put out by this. They feel scered and uncomfortable. That's why the NGO is forced to change its location rather often, to put up mats on th floors again and again, so dozens of drug users can sleep peacefully at night. The staff never put the lights off to guard these people and to welcome newcomers.
The NGO members often appeal to the Government for assistance, but most meetings are being put off or put back. However, Holly Bradford never gives in to despair- she knows:the work they do is appreciated.
The putting up of the Large Hadron Collider was recently finished. The whole construction occupies territory in France and Switzerland. This was a notable event for the whole world. The scientists in all countries were very excited about it because the Collider was supposed to reveal probably one of the most important secrets - the appearance of our universe, and to help scientists to make out the mechanism of it.
There were many pieces of gossip concerning the appearance of the Black Hole on Earth and its destruction after putting on the Collider. Fortunately, they were but a trick made up by the Mass Media to encourage public interest to the object.
At last the machine was put on and… it broke down! Unbelievable! The result of so many years’ work was nothing! Evidently, something went wrong in the mechanism despite all the calculations of the scientists. Although, now they can do nothing but to put up with the sad fact – the greatest experiment in the history of humankind is detained! It is put off at least till the spring! And now there is enough time to make out what exactly failed in order to avoid similar faults in future not only “in the name of Science” but also not to increase the expenses, because the project cost immensely much.
As for now, we can only hope that the next spring will be the time when at least a tiny ray of light will be cast on the mystery of our Universe’s birth.
Nobody heard about a small Australian town Graceland before this curious and important case. Yesterday there were found the remains of the dinosaur, and at once this town became popular all over the world. Some hours after that discovery a great number of scientists and archeologists from many famous American and European universities and organizations arrived there.
Today the expedition has been made for this place. At first scientist couldn’t understand how a new equipment is working, but then they put it in correctly. And soon they found out a large graveyard of dinosaurs. Mr. Scott, one of the most respectful archeologists from Chicago’s University said: ‘We found about 10 skeletons of grass-feeding animals and nearly 6 - of predatory. It’s really one of the most important discoveries of the last 50 years. We suppose that it would help us to make out the main reasons why the dinosaurs had died’.
The next thing that the scientists are going to do is to examine the remains of the animals at the laboratories and put off the excavation till next week. Mr. Scott says that there is no reason to hurry and it will be much better to examine these founded skeletons first. The other researchers are agreed with him.
So, today there are a lot of things that should be done, but nevertheless the scientists are full of good and optimistic expectations concerning these remains, because they could be helpful in answering questions about prehistoric times.
Yesterday a concert of Rock-group called “N” took place in the A –club.
From the first minute everything went wrong. A vocalist had been late, more over he straight away made for the make-up room, hadn’t said even a word to his fans, journalists and colleges in the band. He ignored everybody.
Nevertheless when a concert started, it made out the voice of the vocalist, it put out the audience. After the show he made up several fairy-tales on the answering on the questions of the journalists. Why he hadn’t been in a mood?
He was nervous, his mood changed in 5 minutes, it seemed he was put out.
Later, when he calmed himself down, he made his excuses to everyone and promised to make it up to the audience, and after thinking for a minute he said:
- the next concert will be put off until next month.
And in that moment I made him out. It must be his girlfriend. He again had a quarrel with her and again he put up with it…
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Today’s Monday, 15th September. And here are the most important events.
Firstly, an accident on the atom-powered submarine, passing the test. It is very important to make out why the fire warning system failed. As a result of the accident 24 passengers died. They made up a half of the crew. This submarine was made up in 1991. It was making for its temporary station and blew up. At night the submarine was transported to the berthing. With the lights putting out the damages were not made out. To make out why the explosion occurred, a special commission will be put up. They will put in special equipment and sensors for their independent research. These findings will be immediately sent to the test director in order not to put off further tests. The commission and the test director will appoint a business meeting as soon as possible.
Furthermore, Vera Zvonareva is the second Russian tennis-player who won the final tournament in Wimbledon. Her competitor, Natalie Deshy, who broke the racket in the last set and put out her shoulder, have to put up with it.
Next, in consequence of putting back the heating season, there was a great strike. People insisted on an explanation from municipal authority and wanted them to make up for it.
So, these are the most significant events for today. Good luck.
Yesterday the ceremony of opening new underground shopping centre took place. It is situated right under the biggest park in the city. And when after half an hour the main part of the audience, made up of children mainly, has got tired of the ceremony, they made for this park. The director of new shopping centre couldn’t make out why they left and continued his speech. He declared that this shopping centre is fundamentally new and is not like the others, that its conception was made up by a group of best specialists, and as it is situated underground, the problem of parking doesn’t exist for the buyers of the centre and its very good location made up for rather high prices. The production of the most popular trade marks will be represented here, and also the director of the centre in his speech put the audience onto the fact that buyers with children will have a possibility to leave them in a special “fun hall” under the care of professionals who will put up with all their problems and caprices and entertain them while their parents go enjoy their shopping. To finish his speech the director promised big discounts for every 10th buyer during the first week of work of the centre and after it he solemnly cut the red ribbon.
Yesterday the sensational news was announced in the "Siberian Observer".
Michael Saranov, the author of the article, described the event that took place near Urga, a small town in East Siberia, Russia.
The inhabitants of Urga were the witnesses of a very strange occurance in the sky at night of September 8, 2009. Later almost all of them affirmed that they have been observing the UFO (an unidentified flying object) for about half an hour.
The representatives of regional mass media as well as reporter of our news program were the first to arrive at the place where it all happened.
[The girl]: "That was something huge and oval. I’ve never seen something like that before... It was shining and flashing with blue lights, moving slowly. And then it suddenly stopped and hung in mid-air! And it became dim! It looked like somebody just put all the lights out..."
One of the villagers said that he "couldn’t make out a sound at the moment of observing the UFO - so silent it was. There were neither birds chirping nor wind blowing."
Well, it is worth mentioning that there are a lot of mysteries in this event.
Tourists who made for somewhere of the broad gully "Medvezhiy zub" that day said that they discovered strange watery discharge on some bushes and this moisture did not look like atmospheric precipitation.
Also when the UFO was seen the time fixed by their TV camera differed from the time on a wrist-watch as if the watch was put forward 40 minutes.
As we can see there are many witnesses of the night incident. However, the officials keep on affirming that all the evidences were faked and locals "made up all the stories to attract attention to their village so that it could gain renown of world-famous Tunguska."
Now the territory is cordoned off by the police to let a group of the scientists to start investigation.
As we managed to know from an anonymous source one of the ufologists declared: "The evidence that the earth has been visited by at least one extraterrestrial civilization is obvious. Extraterrestrial life has been detected and an extensive program of research as well as serious diplomatic initiatives are needed."
So let us see what will happen... The truth is still out there.
A month ago we reported that the company “MSA” made up a new computer game “Island”. The gist of the game is to make up a state on the island, put up different buildings, create the inhabitants and “live” for them. Right after its release, it became incredibly popular with children and adults. Shop assistants say that they were really astonished when they saw dozens of people making for their computer shops to buy the CD with the game.
But soon came unforeseen consequences. Thousands of parents were put out because of this game. They made up a committee and wrote a letter of complaint to “MSA”. They wrote that because of the game their children began to make up the excuses to stay at home instead of going to school, they put on their computers and play the game all day long.
Not only the parents were indignant, but also the heads of big companies. They wrote a letter to “MSA” telling that their office workers began to put back meetings and put off other proceedings. And they guess that the reason for it is the game.
Psychologists say that the game has two sides. On the one hand it drags people into virtual reality and they forget about the real world. But on the other hand it can teach people to make out people and their behaviour better.
“MSA” didn’t give any official response as yet. Well, the community is waiting for it.
On December, 18 the bill on the changes in Russian Internal Revenue Code was sent to the State Duma. It is made up of several parts which concern the taxation of different business fields and tax incentive of socially unprotected groups of people. They are going to discuss and work it out in three readings.
Today the bill was given its first reading. The radical factions unanimously voted for the amendments to be moved. Their behaviour was made out. They insisted the bill to be passed in the first reading. However, the speaker of the upper chamber made a resolve to put the decision off in connection with the increasing threat of the financial crisis, which showed the failure of the existing system, controlling the world economy. Against a background of the complex market the State Duma had to put the consideration of the amendments to the Internal Revenue Code back and set about solving daily problems. Trying to redress their wrong in the face of the community, the deputies promised to return to the consideration of the bill in the immediate future, as soon as they settle the financial situation in the country.
I think I wrote a news story about a car crash in England, but I couldn't post it here and sent it by e-mail, am I right?
To Lie or Not To Lie
Only yesterday morning the Italian deputy Nelson Soprano seemed to be the first candidate to become a mayor of Rome. Mr. Soprano made for politics after graduating from university; his specialty is journalism and mass-media. But today we can see that Nelson Soprano wouldn’t choose that faculty – his relationship with Italian press was fully spoiled by the recent accident.
Our editorial staff can easily make out the journalist who wrote already popular article about dirty affaires of Mr. Soprano and his wife. Every journalist wants to be successful, and the only way to reach it is sensation. Pedro Morgan insisted that Nelson and Lucia Soprano had illegal business on trading weapons. This kind of business itself is forbidden in Italy; moreover, the deputy in Rome can’t be a businessman. These two facts – if they are – will certainly deprive Mr. Soprano.
Pedro Morgan’s article isn’t the first try to libel the deputy. Even before that Nelson Soprano was put up by press and television which love to make up some “hot news”, but yesterday afternoon he was really put out. “I got used to unpardonable intrusions into my private life, but when you touch my family – it is out of borders! I don’t even blame Pedro Morgan; it is responsibility of the editor!” – said Mr. Soprano on the press-conference which took place yesterday evening.
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