KEY VERBS
III. Go
Amelia's story
Amelia has been going through [1] a difficult time at work, so she decided to cheer herself up by going in for [2] a competition. The prize was a luxury holiday in the Caribbean. Amelia has had to go without [3] a holiday for several years now, so 
she really wanted to win. The competition was to write the story beginning “Suddenly the lights went out…” [4] The problem was that Amelia could not think of an idea for her story.
‘How can I go about [5] getting a good idea?’, she asked me. ‘It must be something special so that the judges go for [6] my story over all the others.’ I suggested she went to the library to go through [7] some books of short stories – she might get some ideas there. So she went off [8] to see what she could find.
She soon found some great stories. She read one and then another and she went on [9] reading all afternoon. Then she noticed a strange smell and suddenly the lights went out. She looked up and saw that the library was on fire. Of course, that gave her the idea for her story. I hope she wins.
1 experiencing an unpleasant or difficult situation
2 doing or competing in
3 not have something which you usually have
4 stopped giving light
5 start to do or deal with somethg
6 choose
7 examine the contents of something carefully
8 left a place to go to somewhere else
9 continued
B. Some more phrasal verbs with go
go along with sth / sb - support an idea, or agree with someone's opinion - Whatever you say, Maggie will go along with you.
go on - continue to exist or happen - It went on raining all day.
go on – happen - There's a police car outside the shop. Do you know what's going on?
go through with - do something unpleasant or difficult which you planned or promised to do - I don't want to do the exam now but I'd better go through with it.
go together - if two types of thing or people go together, they are usually found with each other - A bad cough and a sore throat often go together.
IV. Look
A. Phrasal verbs where look keeps aspects of its basic meaning
The idea of seeing, observing or noticing something is included in many phrasal verbs with look.
Tim: Did you manage to read the report?
Iris: Well, I looked at it, but I haven't read it properly. [read it quickly and not very carefully]
Tim: I'd like you to read it if you could. We need to look at the conclusions and make some decisions. [examine or consider something carefully in order to make a decision about it]
Rita: How do I get to your village coming from the city?
Bob: When you're on the motorway, look out for a sign saying 'Willowsdean'. That's where you turn off. [carefully watch the things around you so that you will notice a particular thing]
The bank robbers had a lookout standing at the street corner to warn them if the police came. [noun: a person who is watching for danger]
I wasn't in the demonstration. I was just an onlooker. [noun: someone who watches an activity or event without becoming involved in it; from the phrasal verb with the same meaning look on]
B. Phrasal verbs where look has more abstract meanings
look up to sb - respect and admire them
look down on sb/sth - think that someone or something is less important than you, or that something is not good enough quality for you to use
look after sb/sth - take care of someone or something by doing what is needed to keep someone or something well or in good condition
look ahead - think about what will happen in the future and plan for those events
look around/round - try to find something you want (e.g. a job) by asking different people or by looking in different places
look forward to sth/doing sth - feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen.
TASK: WRITE A FABLE (250 WORDS) USING THE PHRASAL VERBS ABOVE. REMEMBER: a FABLE is a short story that teaches a lesson or truth, especially a story in which animals or objects speak. Look through the fables of I.Krylov and Aesop to make sure you know what a fable is.
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A small community of dwarves once was digging in their mine for gold and gems as they usually do. They were going through a difficult time because the soil they dug was very hard and they had to go without days off and make do with just very short breaks during a day. All the dwarves were busy labouring day and night. Except for one. This one was an ordinary dwarf on the whole, however there was one special thing about him. This particular dwarf had no certain profession. Still, he was given a task that was, on the one hand, quite important, on the other, which he was capable to do. But being a haughty person he looked down on everyone. Very often in the beginning of the work day he tried to go in for the jobs of other dwarves and went about giving them dozens of absolutely useless and wrong pieces of advice. They usually shouted at him once or twice to drive him away and then went on working. In response to this he called everyone ‘blockheads’ and proceeded his walk. It’s no surprise that many of the dwarves were greatly annoyed with him and were looking forward to teaching him a good lesson. And one day they did. They made HIM do all THEIR work all day long without rest, saying that he, according to his own words, was the only one who knew how to do it properly. By the end of the day he was dead on his feet and said that he would never ever poke his nose into someone else’s business again. All were looking at him with slight reproach but they were contented that the lesson was learnt…
Avaricious pays twice.
There once lived a girl. She was going through a difficult time. Surprisingly, she just couldn't go together with the people around her. She felt lonely and ignored by everyone, people were looking down on her. She sensed she had to go about changing the situation. So she looked through some guidebooks (actually she went on reading them all afternoon) and a few days later she went off on a tour that was advertised practically everywhere. Her parents went along with the idea. They knew it could not go on like this- her isolation was getting to long, leading to nowhere. The girl was looking forward to the trip. She expected to enjoy every single moment, rest, do plenty of sightseeing, and meet new people. The price of the trip was amazingly low, so the girl was looking ahead to spending the remaining money on souvenirs.
The adventures began the moment she discovered that no one was meeting her at the airport. After struggling to find someone who could explain her the best way to the hotel, she went for a taxi. Upon her arrival at the hotel she discovered that no reservation was made for her and the place was fully booked. It felt as though the lights of her "brilliant" idea went off. She was in despair. The travel agency looked so reliable, the offers it made- so promising.
She ended up all alone in a foreign country, not knowing to whom to appeal, where to go. The money she hoped she saved for souvenirs was spent on paying for a room at a cheap guesthouse and going on one or two excursions.
The moral is obvious: not all is gold that glitters and avaricious pays twice.
The little Rabbit went on hopping and hopping around, while the Hedgehog was going through a difficult time: he had to collect apples onto his prickly back. Rabbit and Hedgehog were old friends, although they never went along with each other's predilections. Dreamy Rabbit looked down at Hedgehog's fuss: "Oh, what a fidget! Always sniffing around, always making supplies! Why can't he just look up at this pretty green grass and the flowers, and the warm sun?" And industrious Hedgehog thought in his turn: "Poor hare-brained creature! How is he going to spend the winter? Even doesn't have a proper burrow, and is he able to go without food?" And so they went together, Rabbit and Hedgehog, each mocking the other secretly.
One day the sun went out and the winter came. Hedgehog was nibbling an apple in his hole and thinking about Rabbit. He thought and thought, and finally felt so uneasy that he went off to see his friend, no matter how cold it was outdoors. He minced along and went about warming himself with a song. Suddenly, a snow-white creature sprang out of the bush. "Ah, I hear you singing, Hedgehog! What's going on?" "Oh, n-nothing... Is that you, Rabbit?" "Yes, that's me!" "Everything's fine?" - puffed Hedgehog. "Quite!"- answered merry Rabbit. "No problems at all? Accommodation? Meals?"- Hedgehog was puzzled. "Don't worry, I am pretty happy! And hoppy as well!" - and he hopped to confirm his words - "And you? Still labouring at your apples?" The Hedgehog was plunged deep in his thoughts. Maybe, it's better not to judge another's way of life? Tastes differ, after all. So he just said: "Oh, Rabbit, how quick and jolly you are! Show me the forest, it looks so nice in winter. And I'll give you an apple if you like..." Little Rabbit agreed joyfully. And so they went on being best friends.
King Lion was very wise and judicious; he was probably the most respected animal in the jungle. He never looked down on other animals and they loved him and often visited him in order to receive a good advice. But sometimes it was even not necessary to come to him because he saw everything what was happening in his Kingdom.
This time all the animals were alarmed because of one small creature – a little Beetle. What was wrong with him, wondered King Lion. In general nothing special, but sometimes animals were absolutely shocked by what he was saying. Who knew, maybe he was going through a difficult time but every day he was talking about death. He said that he didn’t want to live anymore with all this homework he had in the Beetleversity, with all the problems he had with his girlfriend Butterfly. He always looked up to the Kangaroo and said that he was the God for him. When he had broken a glass he said that his mother would kill him for this. King Lion was really worried – how could he say such things? Mothers didn’t kill their children – they always went along with them, they had given them birth! God was unique; we couldn’t call anyone else with His name! Life is the most valuable thing – how could one look forward to death?
This couldn’t go on like this. King Lion tried to make the Beatle to change his mind but everything was useless. Not a single day went without the Beetle’s appeals to the death. And suddenly the death had come. The Beetle was afraid. “I’m so young! – he said, - you just cannot take me right now!” “Do you really think so? I can everything. More than that, you were calling for me”. And he died.
All the animals felt sorry and blamed the death and the destiny for such injustice. And only King Lion understood that God heard each our word.
Once upon a time there lived a gopher, a squirrel, a cat, a monkey and a polecat.
One day the gopher and the polecat received a letter, where it was said that there would be held a competition. Of course, the polecat, as he was kind and responsive, looked at the letter and went off to tell about it everyone. But the gopher, as she was sly and jealous, looked ahead and decided to impart it to nobody. She wanted to be beyond comparison. Nevertheless, thanks to the polecat all the others were up on it.
The competition consisted in gathering nuts. The person who would pick the biggest basket of nuts would be the winner.
Everyone decided to go in for the competition.
The monkey put it off, she was very lazy, so it was difficult for her to go about gathering nuts.
The cat and the squirrel were on friendly terms, they helped each other when one of them went through, and so they always went together. That’s why picked nuts together.
One morning the polecat and the gopher came across in the foreat. The gopher was very astonished; she couldn’t imagine that someone else knew about the competition. As she was afraid of the rivals, she tried to investigate the polecat not to tell anyone about it. The polecat was wise; he gave no sign that he had already informed everybody. He wanted to do his best to punish the gopher.
The gopher looked down the polecat and went on gathering.
But the polecat was more skilful than the gopher thought; he incited everybody to steel gopher’s nuts. All the inhabitants of the forest went along with him.
They came to the gopher and knocked. Fortunately, she was not at home. So, they went about their plan. The monkey stayed outdoors as a lookout. Five minutes later the others took into the street 55 baskets of nuts.
They decided not to participate in the competition and to present all the nuts to children from the neighboring village.
Thus, the moral is: “Do as you would be done by”.
Once there lived a majestic leopard. He was much bigger than his congeners and he had a long-long neck. He went off his native land and went for searching the place in his life. So, having looked down his breed, he left for the giraffes and asked for their permission to live together. However, his appearance, his voice and the way he went on seemed strange for the giraffes. That is why his might-have-been relatives hit the leopard and banished him from their society. They didn’t take him for their kin. The leopard went for misfortune and washed-up he had to return to the leopards family. However, his real congeners refused to accept him. They looked at him as at a stranger. They went for him and banished the leopard too. So, the leopard remained alone. He looked back at the past and reflected that he must have thought about the future.
So the people do: they’re not respected in the homeland and they remain unaffected in a foreign land.
Once upon a time there was Hare, Hen, Snake and Bear. They all lived in the forest happily and cheerfully. But the time for winter came. Bear, as the most wise and experienced animal in our company, decided to teach others how to make houses. He had already his own home - the cave, covered with leaves, fluff and a lot of other warm and mild things. And, looking ahead, he was to give advice to his neighbours.
So the first meeting began. "I don't want you to go without home. How are you going to spend cold snowy times, my friends?" - Bear asked.
First aswered Hen: "I'm going to work-work a lot-lot. Also I want-want to create a family. I am very-very busy!"
Then Snake whispered: "Well... It dependsss on my mood... Doessn't matter"
"I want my house to be warm! And I need a place to hide away from the hunters!" - was Hare's reply.
Bear wasn't surprised by the information he got. "Go and practise communication" - "WHAT?" cried the animals, looking down on Bear. "Exactly what I've said".
Next week after sharing emotions of what animals went throught with the animals got another task: "Go and practise running".
"Hhhow can I go about running? I have no legs. you ssssee..." - said Snake.
"But you can creep" - said Bear.
Next time Hen had good news - she got married. "I even was go-going for him among others! Thank you, Bear! I got a family thanks to my commutability!" "Can I asssk... How did your ssspeed help you?" - grined Snake. "I don-don't know..." - murmured Hen.
"Next time you have to make a house"
That evening Hen returned to her husband and he invited her to live together. Hare was running from the hunters, he was looking around for the place to hide and he found it. That form became his home. Both now looked up to Bear. Only Snake was homeless. He came to Bear's den and whispered: "Let me in". He heard nothing. "LET ME IN!" - he repeated. Nothing again. "BEAR! LET ME..." Suddenly he saw a huge angry Bear, who tried to catch Snake. Snake whisked between sharped-clawed paws and went creeping from Bear. When he stopped, he realized that he had gone off the wood. Having gone through the area, he revealed to be in desert.
Communication must be polite. Running must be directed.
In a small village there lived Rabbit. His family was very poor as many other families in the village. But this fact didn’t prevent Rabbit from looking down on the poor and looking up only to the rich. His parents knew about it and that was their great pain. They were ashamed of their son. They didn’t introduce him to their friends because they didn’t want their son to offend them. Rabbit always went along with the idea that the poor are inferior, he didn’t go together with them, he didn’t go in for activities which were intended for rabbits from the poor families. He was only looking forward to moving to the city, becoming reach and mixing with the wealthy. He always said: “The poor are second-rate, they are defective. I hate them. I don’t want to be poor. I will be wealthy. And I won’t live in this worthless village with these miserable rabbits”. The years went by. Rabbit became a grown up. He left his parents and went off to the city, where he was looking round for a reach wife. It didn’t took him long and soon he met Doe Rabbit from a very reach family. They got married and at last Rabbit became wealthy. He was very happy. Everything was going on just as he wanted. But that didn’t last long. 2 years later Doe Rabbit died. Rabbit thought that he would to inherit an enormous fortune. But he was sadly mistaken. Not long after the death of Doe Rabbit there arrived all her relatives from all over the world. And all of them demanded their inheritance. After the sharing out between them Rabbit inherited only a tenth part of the house. He was really disappointed. He was again poor.
Only then Rabbit realized that it’s not right to adore money and the reach. Happiness is not money, and it’s wrong that money talks.
Once there lived the Donkey and the Swine. Poor things have been going through a difficult time. To improve the situation the Donkey decided to sell homemade bread. The Swine went along with him. So the Donkey made some bread and the Swine baked some cookies. They spent all of their money – only one coin left (the Swine managed to save it). But still they looked forward for the riches they were about to earn.
One morning they went off to the central market. It was crowded, much to our friends’ delight. But no one went for their goods! The Donkey and the Swine waited patiently. The Swine said suddenly:
- My dearest friend, could you sell me a loaf of your flavoured bread, I’m really hungry. Here, I can pay you one coin.
The Donkey’s face lit up with joy. He took a coin and gave some bread to the Swine.
Then they waited again. They waited and waited. Then the Donkey broke the silence:
- - My dearest friend, could you sell me one of your delicious cookies, I’m hungry. Here, I can pay you one coin.
The Swine was happy to sell her cookies.
And so they went on buying and eating each other’s goods until nothing left on their counters. The Donkey and the Swine stared at each other: “How is this possible?! I didn’t eat my cooking, I sold it! But still I have neither money nor cooking! It looks like we don’t know how to sell things properly”, - the Donkey and the Swine thought and went home.
Once there was a Bear. He was fat and lazy; he never did anything himself and looked down on all the other animals in the forest. Everybody feared the Bear because he was too big and no one dared to go in for a battle with him. He was so proud of himself that he could not go without praise even for a single day! Therefore every forester once a year must have gone through a rite of honouring the Bear. But that is half the trouble: for the Bear didn’t want to get even food for himself he went on and on robbing the animals.
Little by little the foresters began to become furious, their resentment overpowered their fear. And one day they decided they won’t stand it anymore and went about working out a plan. The Chameleon, the least noticeable of them, volunteered to be a lookout, and as the Bear went off, he called the others and they tied him up and put into a deep hole. After that nobody looked after the Bear, nobody helped him or even looked at him. Of course he couldn’t look forward to their sympathy yet, the animals wanted to teach him a lesson. And they released the Bear as he learnt it– being strong doesn’t give anyone a right to act like a cruel tyrant – treat others as you want to be treated, otherwise there is always someone or some that are stronger than you.
Once in Africa lived a very long-necked giraffe. His neck was about a hundred inches. That giraffe was very haughty and nobody liked him. He could easily go through it because he was egocentric and didn’t care about animals’ attitude to him. But one day he saw a beautiful she-giraffe and decided to go in for a competition with other giraffes to attract her attention. That was very strange of him, because he was used to go without any communication.
One evening it was very windy and cloudy in Africa. The lights were beginning to go out. Every animal begged, “Oh, anything but thunderstorm!” And the giraffe understood that that was his hour of triumph. “But how can I go about helping them?” he thought. He didn’t have the foggiest idea of it and went off to the nearest African forest to get inspiration. He looked around trying to find anything that could help him and saw a baobab. It was very high, sky-high and Giraffe looked ahead, “What if I climb at this baobab and blow away the clouds with my breath? If I do so, every animal, especially that she-giraffe, will look up to me!” So, he called for every living creature in the forest and said, “Look, I’m the best and the highest giraffe in the world! I will blow the clouds away and you will venerate me as a saint!” Then he climbed at that baobab and… fell down and bumped his head against the ground. When he came round, he saw that she-giraffe was looking after him and he immediately fell in love with her. At once he forgot about his haughtiness and proposed to her and she accepted his proposal. Very soon they married.
The moral of this story is that love and falling off baobabs can do marvels.
Once there was a Cat, who lived in the most mysterious place in the world, in the best place for cats, in Egypt. She was the proudest creature in that wonderful country as she was the sacred one and lived in a temple. There were a lot of animals in the courtyard, but she was sure she was the best. The Cat thought everybody should look up to her but she, in her turn, looked down on the other animals. Once she declared herself the Queen of cats and the most beautiful and powerful
Creature ever existed. So all the animals went through difficult times and tyranny and were looking forward to punish and to teach her a lesson to make her not so proud. They went on and on thinking about this idea. They were shouting, going in for several meetings and arguing with each other. But one day the oldest and the wisest dog said: “We should ignore her, that’s the thing; and the only possible way to stop these surges of pride.” All the animals agreed and considered that it is better to go for this idea over all the others.
In a few days The Cat was looking around for anybody, but found nothing. She felt really upset and miserable, so the dog felt sorry for her and started talking to her: “You’ll never be happy alone, so next time look ahead before you start admiring and looking after only yourself”.
Brothers.(by Tanya Rudakova)
In the jungles in South America there lived two monkeys- Beep and Peep. They were brothers, hand and glove, monkey and monkey. Going through troubles, they looked after each other. Peep and Beep went through with anything they promised their brother to do. Peep resembled a poet, romantic in the soul. Beep was quite the contrary- impertinent, active, went in for sports. Though they were very different in tastes and preferences, two monkeys looked up to each other. So they really went together.
For several years brothers went without travelling and adventures. Peep and Beep liked adventures. They pursued different aims; for Peep- new thoughts and feelings, for Beep- new emotions and activities. This summer they looked ahead to go on a two-day’s walking tour. Their good friend Lion gave them a map, with a place, marked by a cross on it. Our adventurers went along, having no hesitation. The monkeys looked through the map. That place was somewhere in the cave, in the rocks.
Looking forward finding something old and curious, they set out. After the whole day of walking, Beep and Peep reached the mountains. They went on looking around for the entrance in the cave.
“Look! I found it!” Peep exclaimed.
“Peep, you are a lookout. I’ll go inside first.” Beep told.
“I don’t want to look on. Let’s do it together. “Peep answered.
They went in. The atmosphere was dark and wet. They were looking out for something special, which could attract their attention. Then, Beep found a big box, very old and shabby. Brothers looked at it: it was a trunk with golden coins! Beep and Peep innerly rejoiced, that he himself would become rich. They took the trunk along. They should be in a hurry, because the volcano was going to erupt. On their way home, each of the two monkeys looked down on the brother.
“My dear and beloved Peep, could you be so kind to look, if there is any lake behind the hill. I want to drink?” Beep asked. While Peep went about to look for a lake, Beep greedily took several coins from the trunk on the sly. Of course, there wasn’t any lake. The brothers went on going.
“My dear and beloved Beep, could you be so kind to look, if there is any other road behind the hill?” Peep asked. While Beep went about to look for a road, Peep greedily took several coins from the trunk on the sly. Of course, there wasn’t any lake. The brothers went on going, looking at each other angrily. The volcano was almost ready to erupt.
“What’s going on, Peep? Why are you looking so at me?” Beep asked.
“I wanted to ask you the same.” Peep replied.
“You are a thief! You’ve stolen several coins!” Beep shouted.
“So did you!” Peep cried.
The brothers started quarrelling. They were grabbing the coins from the trunk! The eruption began! They had no time! Lava stream was not far. They looked at the gold and decided to share all the coins equally. The monkeys did it carefully and precisely, counting each coin. Then the soil cracked and all the coins flaked. The monkeys had to run away to save their skins. Their coins melted.
The moral: Not by money alone or I won’t ask from life too much- just want to stay alive as such!
Once there was a Queen called White Horse. She was gone for a Queen by all the animals, but nobody knew who she really was. The Queen enjoyed going through some magazines about fashion, clothes and beauty. She usually went off to visit different parties. She looked down on everybody, because she thought that other animals were less important than her.
Once upon a time animals’ guard came to White Horse to inform her about what was going on in the world. She only answered: «Oh, what’s a pity that I’m not really interested in it», - and went on reading fashionable magazines. The guard said that there was hearsay about the war and the Queen had to make a decision what to do. But she was only looking around, trying to find her most desirable T-shirt. She didn’t look ahead, didn’t look after her animals, her country. She didn’t go along with the guard’s idea to act.
Then suddenly gun’s shoot sounded. And everybody understood that the war had begun. That very moment the Queen tried to go about getting a good idea, but that was impossible, because strangers had already occupied their country. So the Queen didn’t look forward to the situation. It had become clear to White Horse that her behavior wasn’t right. She mustn’t be so stupid, indifferent and vain. But there was too late to change something.
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